Friday, 29 October 2021

The Australian Child Of The Future...(1951).

The Australian Child Of The Future...(1951).

The State Library of Western Australia's Facebook page published an article on 'How did the experts in 1951 imagine the Australian child of today to be like...'

The article was supported with some wonderful photographs of children from the State Library of Western Australia's photograph collection. 

No copyright infringement intended.  


THE CHILD OF THE FUTURE

How did the experts in 1951, imagine the Australian child of today to be like? 

In an article in the Sun, feature writer Lou d'Alput wrote that the outlook for the child of tomorrow, was a happy one.

The child of the future will enjoy the boundless gifts of advancing technology she wrote. Travelling to the outposts of the world with ease and proofed against disease and discomfort. 

'His' meals (according to scientists) will be prepared electronically. His clothes, warm and lightweight, stamped out by a machine. His society well-ordered without industrial upheaval. Strikes, shortages and despair unheard of.  

Others also had their say.

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Officer, F Priest, told the Sun, that there was "no doubt" the child of the future would accept toys driven by atomic energy, with no more wonderment than the child of 1951 accepted a clockwork train.

“Who knows? Children of the future may ride to the moon in rockets, or something like them.” He suggested.

Priest but did stress though the importance of guarding against the "world of machines" becoming a "cold one" - neglectful of the "art of living” – religion, justice and the rights of the individual.

The Director General of Education in 1951, JG McKenzie, was certain that the average child of tomorrow would be vastly more literate than his grandfather, more self-reliant and have a much broader outlook on life. 

This would be due to tremendous ongoing advances in education and teaching standards. Open education, more freedoms, and spontaneity of expression.

NSW University of Technology Director A. Denning told the Sun that he believed that tomorrow’s child would benefit from the atomic age. Which would bring with it a whole host of labor-saving methods, meaning greater leisure time for workers and families.

The Director General of Public Health Dr E.S. Morris said that the life expectation of the future child would be much greater. In 1951 the live expectancy for males was only 66 years and 70.6 years for females.

Modern sanitation, control of epidemics and the general advances in preventative medicine would only improve his health.

He would also be "taller, leaner and longer muscled", according to NSW Physical Education Director, Gordon Young. Because of the accent in physical education on agility rather than just static exercises. 

"Australians of the future will no doubt be superbly – built people, remarkably healthy.” Young said.

Finally, Australian Institute of Industrial Psychology principal, Edith Bothwell told the Sun, she was confident that the child of the future would have a clearer mind. Less sense of frustration and more self-reliance. All thanks to advances in social science, parenting, changing community attitudes towards children and socialization from a young age.  

Gallery - Images of Children at the Perth Royal Show, 1949 - Some things never change!

This week is National Children's Week. The theme for 2021 is based on UNCRC Article 15 - Children have the right to choose their own friends and safely connect with others.
















Wednesday, 27 October 2021

Before COVID-19...Polio Epidemic in Perth 1954 "Worse things happen at sea."

Before COVID-19...Polio Epidemic in Perth 1954 "Worse things happen at sea.

During 1954 there was a polio epidemic in Perth. While it is tragic that any child or young person caught an infectious disease and tragically died during these times, many survived with inspiring stories that were shared through the local newspapers of the day. 

This article is about two young athletes John Turich and Geoff Bell who were photographed at the Infectious Diseases Hospital in West Subiaco, post polio section and shared their story in this article in 1954. I will let the boys speak for themselves.

The article is from Trove, the database of the National Library of Australia. No copyright infringement intended.   





Sunday Times, 23 May 1954

Polio victims both, these well known young athletes, John Turich (still wearing his Aquinas football sweater) and Geoff Bell, formerly of Perth Modern School, were photographed yesterday at the Infectious Diseases Hospital West Subiaco post polio section. 

Their story of the fight back from polio is on this page.

HOW THE PATIENTS SEE LIFE IN LOCAL POST-POLIO WARD

(By JOHN TURICH and GEOFF BELL) 

A lot has been written about different aspects of polio, mostly concentrating on symptoms, safety precautions and the technicalities of treatment. But few people know anything of the patient's attitude.

This story sets out to show that, often the initial gloomy period, even polio con be an accepted philosophically and that the fight back can have its bright and even its funny moments.

Hospitals are generally thought of as rather dull places where people tip-toe around in white uniforms, and patients look pale and uninteresting.

But 24 hours in a post polio ward would quickly dispel any such ideas.

After the first 4 or 5 weeks most patients begin to feel well and as they are confined to bed - usually being permitted to do no more than lie down - they seek an outlet for high spirits and pent up energy.

And the results are sometimes startling.

Occasional periods of depression are suffered by all of us at times, but these only last a day or so, and the general atmosphere is surprisingly cheerful.

THERE are only 6 beds in our ward, and each occupant realises that his bed will be his home for at least 5 or 6 months, and possibly longer. So it would not be surprising if a more pessimistic attitude were adopted.

Ages in the ward vary from 16 to 44 years, and occupations include sawmill and scale mechanic, foremen, students, grease monkey and bus driver, so a fair cross section of polio victims is presented.

We think the atmosphere in our ward would be duplicated in post-polio wards throughout the State.

As we are all affected similarly - partial paralysis of the leg and abdominal muscles - our treatment is practically the same. We are able to compare notes on progress made, and reactions to different exercises.

Foundation of a good recovery lies in exercise, exercise and still more exercise, and to facilitate this work, frightening looking contraptions are erected over our beds.

These consist of a frame from which hang an array of springs, ropes, pulleys and slings, which offered an almost inexhaustible supply of jokes when they first arrived, and quickly earned us the name of "the Circus."

ONE of the most uncomfortable parts of the whole business is the stretching of painfully tight muscles, and sadistic animals, more commonly known as physiotherapists, are employed for this purpose.

Their duties are varied but we have all decided that their highest aim in life is to see patients squirming round a bed to the tune of a creaking muscle and contorted face.

If an unfortunate patient does happen to let a groan escape he is greeted with cries of "Chicken," "Squealer," "Softie," and similar degrading remarks from his comrades.

However, it is only a few weeks before the muscles loosen up and deprive the physios of their pleasure. (Incidentally we're only kidding about the physios. They're really grand people and we don't know what we'd do without them - or they without us).

A heartening aspect of the treatment is that a slow but definite improvement can be noticed from week to week, providing a fair amount of work is done.

This spurs the patient on to even greater efforts, as in most cases the rate of recovery is proportional to the amount of work a weak muscle is given.

Unlike many other diseases, there are no wonder drugs to restore wasted or useless muscles.

It means a long time and much work before successful results are achieved.

HOWEVER, there is a much lighter side to the picture.

Our ward is fortunate in having 2 natural humorists, but the others soon become adept at getting a laugh out of almost any situation, usually at the expense of a patient or a member of the staff.

Even the initial discovery that we had contracted the disease was not without its amusing incidents, and here is one of them.

While being examined at Royal Perth Hospital, one of us was sitting on a bench with a rather small doctor, who held out a delicate, white hand and said, "Squeeze hard."

Taking him at his word, the patient who at this stage was far from weak took a firm grip and squeezed.

To the consternation of both there was a loud crunching of bones, quickly followed by the agonised yell of the unfortunate medico as he shot off the bench and hastily extricated his damaged hand.

The patient certainly didn't have polio in that hand anyway.

For the first few days, new nurses have some doubtful moments, as they are confronted with all sorts of outlandish requests, accompanied by deadly serious faces.

But they soon become wise, and merely return some answering crack.

Almost needless to say, they are quickly given nicknames, sometimes far from flattering, but they take it all in good part.

THE nurses are always busy, and it is often difficult to attract their attention to our room, so we have devised various ruses to bring them. If a mournful wail of "Help nurse, I'm dying," or merely "Help" repeated every 10 seconds fails to rouse anybody, we drop a heavy weight on the floor and yell: "Mr. So-and-So just fell out of bed."

This seldom fails.

On one occasion, however, one of us did fall out of bed, and all of his "loyal" comrades immediately shut up like clams, or drowned out the unfortunate's shouts for a nurse.

Eventually he gave up, dragged a few blankets off his bed and curled up on the floor, where he stayed for half an hour before being found.

In spite of the many jokes enjoyed at the nurses' expense, they have quite a few opportunities to even up the score, the best one being the morning wash.

Temperatures are taken at 5 a.m., so we are usually in a bad mood when bowls of water are put on the lockers at 6 a.m., and not too gentle hands drag the bedclothes off.

This act is, of course, greeted with loud grumbl-ing, sarcastic comments, and not infrequently, mumbled, half-asleep profanity.

But the nurses are hardened veterans and retaliate with a few drops of cold water squeezed slowly over our faces and down our necks.

Breakfast arrives at 8 a.m., and is greeted with vigorous comments on the ancestry of someone in the kitchen and lurid descriptions of all the unpleasant deaths we can imagine.

Meat is always a popular topic for jokes, due no doubt to the fact that the dogs' home is only a stone's throw away.

THERE is a fairly big paddock here with a large round paddy melon

(Continued Page 22.)

FIGHT BACK -FROM POLIO

(Continued from Page 19)

in the centre. It is just outside our windows.

Members of the staff often practise golf there and an audience is always hanging out the windows offering advice.

One doctor was swinging merrily away, oblivious of the spectators who were silently waiting their chance.

It came when he missed the ball and a look of horror transformed his face as a voice from nowhere piped up: "Try the paddy melon, it's more your size."

The physiotherapists also get taken in while they are still green, but practical jokes with them could be rather dangerous, as they could easily obtain their revenge by stretching our muscles, a highly undesirable punishment.

Not that they'd do it of course, but it's something to think about.

A large circular tank holding 3,000 gallons is used for hydrotherapy.

Getting into it is a rather risky business, so a favorite trick is to submerge for a moment.

This makes the unsuspecting physios really worried, and one has even been known to soak herself to the skin in a frantic effort to rescue the 'drown-ing' patient, who has a good laugh at her expense as he rises easily to the surface.

This sort of joke is strictly "not done in the best of circles," but it certainly is amusing to all but the one on the receiving end.

Any new physio may not be familiar with the weaknesses of all the patients and we quickly take advantage of this.

The whole ward confirms that So-and-So has, say a weak arm and the physio blithely spends 10 minutes treating that limb only to find when she has nearly finished that there's nothing wrong with it. That one is guaranteed to make the sparks fly.

Each patient's individual paralysis also comes in for a good deal of clacking, and many amusing comments are passed.

One character, whose leg is almost completely paralysed, recently complained bitterly to a physio because the last joint on his big toe was not working.

He did not seem to be worrying about the rest of the leg, but showed great concern over this trivial detail.

If anyone shows an outstanding improvement he is immediately called a "malingerer" and is declaimed to the physios as having nothing wrong with him.

We do not intend to go into the technical details of the treatment we get here.

This article is not intended for that purpose. But the important fact is we get modern treatment and attention plenty of both and this seems to be producing most encouraging results.

Actually a book could be written about life in our particular ward, but we hope this article has conveyed some of the generally cheerful atmosphere and hopeful outlook adopted by most of the polio patients.

We think at this stage we should warn anyone who is thinking of contracting the disease on the strength of this article to stop thinking, as it is not all beer and skittles.

On the other hand, I can assure anyone who has the misfortune to become a victim that he or she can take heart from one of our favorite sayings, "Worse things happen at sea."

This is guaranteed to pull you through any crisis.


Monday, 25 October 2021

Before COVID-19...The Polio Epidemic Of 1954 In Perth.

Before COVID-19...The Polio Epidemic Of 1954 In Perth.

Polio is trending on social media as World Polio Day is on 24 October so I visited posts I had been researching and writing about the disease in the early years of the colony in Subiaco and Western Australia. 

This post is a continuation of previous posts about infectious diseases before COVID-19 such as smallpox and diphtheria and their spread, the vaccination issues in Perth and Subiaco during the early years of the colony.

At the end of 1953 a polio epidemic begun in Perth. By February 1954, 124 cases were reported. In February 1954, 18 cases were reported the highest recorded for the State. Two cases were reported from Subiaco.

The first article from the West Australian provides details about the number of cases of polio reported. The second article from the West Australian provides further information about the problems with the manufacture of the polio vaccine, access to the vaccine for West Australians and how to stop the spread. The third article from the Kalgoorlie Miner provides information about the type of restrictions put in place during the epidemic and the visit by the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh who were vaccinated with gramma-globulin during their time in Canberra. 

The final article is from the Sunday Times in 1948 about a student Valma Davies, age 15 from Subiaco who won the Hamilton History Prize for school students while she had polio. 

The articles are from Trove, the database of the National Library of Australia. No copyright infringement intended. 


West Australian, 27 February 1954

W.A. Polio Cases Reach A Record 

There have been 81 cases of poliomyelitis in W.A. this month, 14 cases more than the previous highest incidence on record. These figures were announced by the Commissioner of Public Health (Dr. L. Henzell) late yesterday afternoon.

The previous highest number recorded in this State was 67 cases in July during the 1948 epidemic. Since January 1, this year, the health department has received notification of 96 confirmed cases of polio in the State mostly from the metropolitan area. 

Last Tuesday when the department issued the latest total for the month, 58 cases had been notified. The latest figures released represent an increase of 25 cases in three days. 

124 Reported 

Since the epidemic was first noticed on October 1, 124 cases have been reported to the Health Department. The department was moving yesterday to implement its plans to combat the outbreak by spraying schools and sending out bulletins to local health authorities to check on cases in their districts. 

The incidence of the disease since January 1 in the various localities throughout the State is shown in the table below: 

Armadale...3 Bassendean... 2 Bayswater...2 Belmont...2 Beverley...1 Claremont...2 Capel...1 Darling Range...6. Fremantle...13 E.Fremantle...4 N.Fremantle...1 Fremantle Road Bg...3 Guildford...1 Guildford...1 Harvey...1 Kale...Rd. Bg...1 Manjimup...1 Melville...8 Midland Junction...5 Mundaring...1 Nedlands...2 Northam...1 Perth C.C...12 South Perth...Rd. Bg...2 Subiaco...2 Swan...3 Tammin...2 Upper Chapman...1 Wongan.Ballidu...1 Yirgarn...2 

One suspected case was reported at Geraldton yesterday. 

Bunbury Not Affected 

BUNBURY, Fri. No poliomyelitis has occurred in Bunbury during February but it has just been confirmed that a ten year-old Bunbury boy sent to Perth early in January, was a polio victim. He is now receiving treatment at the polio centre at Subiaco. This has been the only Bunbury case of polio during the present epidemic. 


West Australian, 3 March 1954.

Polio Total Now

Stands At 114 

The Health Department has been notified of 18 more cases of poliomyelitis since last Friday, bringing the total in this State since the beginning of the year to 114 cases. 

These figures were re-leased yesterday by the Commissioner of Health (Dr. L. Henzell). Dr. Henzell said that: it was too early yet to assess the virulence of the polio epidemic, but more paralytic cases than non-paralytic cases had so far been notified. 

Most of the new cases notified yesterday were in the metropolitan area but two were reported from Albany. Cases were reported from Subiaco, South Perth, Fremantle, Bayswater, Victoria Park, Como, Parkerville, Nedlands; West. Perth, Mundaring, Safety Bay, Mt. Hawthorn and Albany. 

Record Month 

Because the 18 cases which have occurred since last Friday were notified to the department yesterday, they are being added to the March total although two days of this period were in February. The total of 18 cases notified in February is the highest recorded in any outbreak in this State. 

The previous highest was 67 in July, 1948, when a severe epidemic was in progress. 

The February figure would have been higher but for the holiday yesterday when the department was not open to receive notifications. 

Referring to the inoculation of the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh in Canberra last week with gramma-globulin, Dr. Henzell said that it would be impossible to carry out mass inoculations with this serum in W.A. 

The production of gramma-globulin was in its infancy in Australia it was produced on a small scale at the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, Melbourne. 

No Machinery 

Dr. Henzell said that supplies of the serum available in Australia were quite inadequate to attempt any large-scale inoculations in W.A. Its production required elaborate laboratory equipment and there was no machinery available for it in this State. Tests with gamma-globulin for prevention of polio were now being carried out in the United States he continued.

There appeared to be some confusion in the minds of the public concerning the meaning of the expression "faecal contamination," Dr. Henzell said. 

"Faeces" was the term which was used for excrement, or the motion from the bowels. 

The virus which caused polio was present in the bowel of the person infected. It was estimated that there might be up to 100 people infected for every case showing signs of the disease itself. 

Contamination 

Dr. Henzell said that the contamination of hands and, hence, of food, might not be obvious or visible. 

The hands might be apparently clean after a visit to the toilet and yet still be contaminated. 

Similarly, it had been found that swimming pools were invariably contaminated with faeces by the bathers themselves. 

This was the reason for the warning to the public that they should be scrupulously careful in washing their hands after visiting the toilet, before handling food, and that they avoid bathing in swimming pools and non-tidal waters. 

The Northern Districts Boy Scouts Association has cancelled plans to bring scouts to Perth for the Queen's visit. Plans had been made for scouts from Carnamah, Perenjori, Caron and Morawa to have the hospitality of the No. 1 West Perth troop and to take part in lining the Royal progress in Fraser-avenue.


Kalgoorlie Miner, 27 April 1954

POLIO EPIDEMIC CONSIDERED OVER

All Temporary Restrictions Lifted

Perth, April 26.-

The Minister for Health, Mr. Nulsen, said today that he had been advised by the Commissioner of Public Health, Dr. Henzell, that poliomyelitis notifications had now returned to a level which suggested that the epidemic had subsided. 

As a result temporary restrictions caused by the epidemic have been withdrawn. 

Mr. Nulsen said that approval had been given for the resumption of normal practice in immunisations, dental procedures and the removal of tonsils. 

Only one case of polio was reported during the weekend. This was paralytic. 

The Minister added that when the commencement of the epidemic was announced on February 12 there had been 11 cases - including nine paralytic - recorded during the preceding week. 

The weekly rate then rose steeply and reached a beak during the week ended March 19, when 62 cases - 26 paralytic - were notified. A progressive decline followed so that during the week ended April 23 only notifications - four paralytic - were received. 

Precautions Pay Dividends 

Mr. Nulsen said that despite some apprehension that the Royal visit might result in an increase in the number of notifications no such increase had materialised. One could only assume that the precautions advised by the Public Health Department, and adopted, had been largely responsible for this satisfactory state of affairs. 

He considered that this vindicated the policy of the Government for the Royal tour. 

The Minister paid a tribute to Dr. Henzell and the Government Epidemiologist, Dr. D. J. R. Snow, for the work done in bringing the epidemic under control. 

Mr. Nulsen also expressed, on behalf of his colleagues, the officers of the department and himself, appreciation of the valuable service rendered by members of the State poliomyelitis advisory committee, the assistance of the medical profession, the co-operation of the public, the press and the radio, and of the education authorities and the State officials of the Royal tour. 

Although some criticism had been levelled at the newspapers and the department, because of the publicity given, he felt sure that the wide publication of precautionary advice had contributed substantially to the curtailment of the epidemic and a reduction in the occurrence severity of paralysis.







Sunday Times, 12 December 1948

WON PRIZE DESPITE POLIO

Although a polio victim for 6 months, Valma Davies, 15, of Rokeby-rd., Subiaco, had such a substantial points lead that she was awarded the Hamilton History Prize for 1948 at St. Mary's C. of E. School, West Perth. She also gained Form 5A prize for her example of courage and cheerfulness. On Friday she was motored to the school from Infectious Diseases' convalescent section to receive her awards, and yesterday, just after the photo was taken, she returned to IDB.


Sunday, 17 October 2021

The Sunday Times Recipe Contest Other Prizes...Baking (1900 - 1909).

The Sunday Times Recipe Contest Other Prizes...Baking (1900 - 1909).

This post is a continuation of the previous posts on "The Sunday Times Recipe Contest (1900 - 1909)." Many women from Subiaco entered and not only won first prize but also other prizes and received honourable mentions and had their recipes published. 

The recipes copied below are about what the women of Subiaco made including a passionfruit cake, puff pastry, sweet biscuits like shortbread, tartlets and desserts such as an apricot trifle.  

From the previous post... "During the early years of the colony The Sunday Times newspaper ran a recipe contest. The letters competed for prizes and the winning entries and honourable mentions were published in the newspaper. 

The rules of the contest state the recipe could be taken from any cookery book or newspaper or better still be the invention of the sender. Any woman could enter as many recipes as they please. The prizes women competed for varied over the years. 

Like many women from around the State the women of Subiaco shared their favourite recipes. These recipes provide a wonderful insight into the variety of food available and consumed by individuals and families from a variety of sources, their resourcefulness when food like meat was not at its best, some advice on how to provide nourishment to an invalid and make a good old fashion English Christmas pudding that could last over a year.

The recipes provide an interesting insight into cooking, the methods used and some of the equipment available for example like stewing-jars and sausage mincers. Some homes had a wood fire and others were equipped with an oven. Measurements were not exact and women were required to make judgements based on their previous cooking experience. 

Both married and single women entered recipes into the Sunday Times competitions over many years and many won several prizes."

The recipes below are some of the prize winners from the women of Subiaco.  The articles are from Trove, the database of the National Library of Australia. No copyright intended. 


1905

Sunday Times, 9 April 1905

Many more have been received and the following are considered worthy of publication. Another selection will appear next week...

HONOURABLE MENTION

FRENCH HONEY.

Take the yokes of 6 eggs and the whites of 4, then the juice of four lemons, then grated rind of two lemons and 3 oz butter. Stir this mixture over a, slow-fire until it becomes thick like honey. It will keep good a year in a cool place and is very nice for tarts. Take half an hour to cook. 


Sunday Times, 4 October 1906

HONOURABLE MENTION

YANKEE DUFF (Original)

Two cups of flour, one cup of sugar, half a pound of currents, half a pound of sultanas, quarter of a pound of lemon peel, one heaped tablespoonful of butter, one teaspoonful of carbonate of soda. Mix flour, sugar, currants, sultanas, and lemon peel together: melt the butter in half a cupful of boiling water, also the carbonate of soda in ditto, then pour both into dry ingredients. Stix well and boil in floured cloth for four hours. Serve with sweet sauce. 

Mrs. G, E. Beamish, 41, York-street, Subiaco.


Sunday Times, 28 October 1906.

THIRD.

The third prize goes to Mrs. E. S Chandler, "Marleigh," Olive-street, Subiaco, for recipe for

PUFF PASTE

Equal quantities of butter and flour, the yolk of one egg and a pinch of salt to every pound of flour; a little water: place the butter in a cloth, and squeeze all the moisture from it. A marble slab should be used, as it is absolutely essential to success ia puff paste that it should be kept very cold. Put the flour on the slab, and make a hole in the centre, into which you pat about two ounces of butter, the yolk of an egg a pinch of salt and a little water; stir these gradually and thoroughly with the flour, adding water as necessary until the paste is soft and elastic; roll this out and press the balance of your butter flat on the top; turn the edges of the past over to completely hide the butter; flour the pasteboard and roll the paste square. Next fold it into three, turb it half round and fold it round, being careful to keep the corners still square. Repeat this three times, and always roll away from you-never towards you. It should now be about a quarter of an inch thick and will, if properly made, rise to neatly three inches.


Sunday Times, 25 November 1906.

HONOURABLE MENTION

GENOA CAKE

Half a pound of butter, half a pound of powdered white sugar, six eggs, one pound of flour, one pound of sultanas, one pound of currants, six ounces of chopped candied lemon peel, a few drops essence of lemon, a little grated nutmeg, and six ounces of blanched almonds. 

Mode: Slightly warm the butter in a basin, then add to the sugar, and with a wooden spoon beat them to a cream; add the eggs one at a time, then the essence of lemon and grated nutmeg, gently stir in the flour; when quite smooth add the currants and peel chopped fine; stir all gently together, then turn the mixture in a buttered baking tin about an inch and a half thick; smooth the top over with a knife dipped in milk, then roughly strew the chopped almonds on the top. Bake two hours in a moderate oven. 

Mrs. E. A. Chandler, "Marleigh," Olive-street, Subiaco.


1907

Sunday Times, 11 August 1907

SECOND

Second prize goes to Miss Morrison, 94 Subiaco Road. Subiaco, for recipe for 

SOFT POUND CAKE

Take 1 1/4 lbs. four, 1 lb. sugar, 1/2 lb. butter, 1 cup milk. 2 teaspoonfuls of cream of tartar and 1 teaspoonful carbonate of soda, a little more than 1 cup of currants, 4 eggs, a little candied peel and flavouring.  Beat : butter and sugar to a cream, add the eggs, beating all the time ; then the milk, currants, and flavoring ; lastly add the flour, soda and cream of tartar, which should be well blended. Bake in a meat baking dish for one hour.


Sunday Times, 27 January 1907

THIRD

Third prize goes to Miss. E. M. O'Mahoney, 109 Meuer-road, Subiaco, for recipe for

SHORT BREAD.

Mix 2 lb of flour with 4 oz of moist sugar, 2 oz candied citron chopped 1 small and  2 oz of sweet, almonds (blanched and sliced), rub 1 lb of butter into the flour, melt another 1 lb of butter, and with this work up the flour to a smooth, paste. If a plainer cake is wanted less butter may be used. Roll out the pastry to the thickness of an inch, and in a large oval shape, pinch the edged evenly, prick the surface with a fork or skewer and sprinkle large comfits the top; cut the oval across, thus making two cakes, and place upon floured paper, and then on the tin. Bake in a moderate oven. When bread is lightly browned it is done enough.


1908

Sunday Times, 19 July 1908

SECOND

Second prize goes to Miss G. Mooney, '"Waikato," 178 Park-street Subiaco, for recipe for

DELICIOUS APPLE AND CREAM PUFFS

Take seven ozs good flour, sieve it; put half pint of water on the fire ; add two ozs of butter. When it boils, stir in the flour and cook ten minutes ; turn into a basin to cook then beat in three eggs, one at a time, and mix into a smooth paste. Mix in the baking powder, and drop the mixture in pear-shaped lumps on to a greased baking pan, and bake in a moderate oven for thirty minutes ; do not open the oven door while the puffs are cooking. When cooked they should be a bright golden brown, and should be hollow in the centre. When the puffs are quite cold, open them at the top and fill in with the following mixture : Bake three large cooking apples, rub them through a sieve (after removing the skins), beat the whites of two eggs to a froth, add three ozs of sugar, then add the apple pulp and beat till it is light and soft like snow ; fill the puffs nearly full of the apple, then fill to the top with rich firm cream ; brush the puffs with white of egg and dust them in powdered sugar.


Sunday Times, 18 October 1908

THIRD.

Third prize goes to Miss Cook, 285 Hay-street, Subiaco, for recipe for 

PASSION FRUIT CAKE

One dozen passionfruit, quarter lb. butter, half lb. flour, quarter lb. sugar two eggs, one teaspoonful baking powder. 

Mode : Open the fruit, put the pulp on a hair sieve with a little sugar, and rub it through. Beat the butter and sugar to a cream, drop in the eggs, and when well mixed pour in the juice of the fruit ; beat the flour and baking powder with a spoon. Line two Victoria sandwich tins with buttered paper ; divide mixture and pour it in. Bake in a moderate oven for half an hour ; when cold spread the following mixture in between the layers :- Make a jelly by beating the white of one egg to a froth, adding three quarters lb. of powdered sugar, and the pulp of the fruit. Spread the jelly on the cakes, lay on above the other, spread the top with either, whipped cream or white icing.


Sunday Times, 22 November 1908

HONOURABLE MENTION

CHRISTMAS TARTLETS

One pound of currants, wash and pick free from stones and stalks; put them on the boiling a clean enamelled, saucepan with a very little water; boil gently at side of fire for three hours. Then lift and strain if there is any water. Lay out on a sheet to cool before putting in tarts. Then have six nice apples peeled, cored, and chopped very fine, half a pound of sugar, a little grated nutmeg, and a little ground cinnamon;  Mix all with currants, give a slight dust of flour to take up any liquid, use no batter. Then prepare a nice short crust, roll out moderately thin, cut round with a cutter or tea plate. Put a tablespoonful of the mixture in the centre of this, wet edges; and catch up four corners towards centre. Bake in moderate. oven 40 minutes. They may be baked in patty tins, which keep them better in shape. Previously dust the tins with flour. 

Ruby Skinner, 172 Subiaco Road, Subiaco.


Sunday Times, 22 November 1908

SECOND

Second prize is awarded to Miss Edith M. Cooke, 318 Perth-street, Subiaco, for recipe for

COTTAGE TEA LOAVES

Ingredients : Half a pound of flour, two teaspoonfuls of baking powder, one egg, two teaspoonful of sugar, quarter of a cup of milk, a little salt. 

Mode : Sift flour, salt, and baking powder, rub butter in flour, then add sugar, pour in egg and milk. Mix into a nice dough; turn on to a floured board, knead lightly, divide into six pieces anti cut a third off each: sprinkle flour on a clean oven sheet, and put large pieces on; brush over with egg, then add the smaller pieces to the large ones; put finger through so as to form loaves. Bake in hot oven from eight to ten minutes.





Saturday, 9 October 2021

Thomas Street State School Soup Centre...A Story In Photographs (1941).

Thomas Street State School Soup Centre...A Story In Photographs (1941). 

This post is a continuation of the post 'Agnes Robertson And The Free Milk Council (Part 2).' published 9 October 2020 about the work of Agnes Roberston, a teacher at the Thomas Street State School in Subiaco and the soup centre the school established to feed children during the 1930's and 1940's. The post is copied below. 

Recently while researching photographs for a story I found a wonderful collection of 20 photographs of the Thomas Street State School soup centre taken 1941. The photographs are from the West Australian.  

The photographs are from the State Library of Western Australia. No copyright infringement intended. 















Agnes Robertson And The Free Milk Council (Part 2). October 9, 2020.

This post is a continuation of the previous post ‘Agnes Robertson A School Teacher, Community Worker And Politician (Part 1)’ and the story of her involvement in the Free Milk Council getting free milk for children whose parents earned less than the basic wage at Thomas Street State School where she worked but also for all children throughout the state.

As child growing up and going to school in Perth in the late sixties and early seventies I remember getting free milk at school for morning tea that was available to all school children regardless of how much their parent’s earned. Reading the story of the soup kitchen at Thomas Street State School in the Daily News newspaper in 1941 broke my heart but full of admiration for the children spending their lunch time helping. Today the relationship between children not being hungry and successful learning are well documented.

While Agnes Robertson was a teacher at the Thomas Street School she started a Free Milk Campaign to give children free milk at the school. By 1941 the children were also receiving soup for lunch.

In 1938 the head teacher Mr. A.R. Morrison at Subiaco State School said that the physical benefits of milk to education were well known. He conducted an experiment on the benefit of the mental development of giving children free milk at morning tea. From the West Australian in July, 1938 “...Mr. A. R. Morrison, head teacher of the Subiaco State school, said that for 10 years the physical value of milk to education had been known, but last year he had carried out a test for the year at his school with two groups of children chosen for exact similarity in age, size and measurement, to observe the physical benefits, if any, and also to try to estimate any gain in mental development. Although it was difficult to measure the psychological results, the attitude of the child towards his work was so marked that a material benefit was indicated in his standard of attainment, particularly in cold weather. In every case it was found that the child whose diet was supplemented with milk gained more throughout the year than the child who was not getting milk. In winter the benefit of the milk was most marked on the children's attitude and mental brightness for even poorly clad children, after absorbing the warmth which the morning bottle of milk supplied, improved in their application to work, and their progress was outstanding...”

Trove the database for the National Library of Australia contains many articles on the campaign and letters by Agnes Robertson in Western Australian newspapers.

West Australian, 15 July 1938.

FREE MILK. Plea for under-nourished children.

The Claremont Municipal Council will consider in the next few days assisting the Free Milk Council in providing milk for indigent children in the municipality, in accordance with a request made on Monday night by a deputation from the latter body.

Introducing the deputation, Mrs. Cardell Oliver, M.L.A., said that a number of children in the district were undernourished because their parents could not afford to get milk for them and 45 were being supplied by the Free Milk Council, which paid £1 a year to dairymen for each child supplied. On learning that 58 children at South Perth had to be supplied by the milk council, the local road board had taken over the responsibility. Apart from those activities with which the milk council was affiliated, it gave milk to indigent children in 27 schools and throughout the State 1,200 people were being helped. If the council could help her organisation, the contribution would not result in any interruption of the present benefactions, but would enable it to help children not now receiving milk. The milk council investigated each case, and when it found that the domestic conditions justified it, free milk was supplied as far as funds permitted. Mr. A. R. Morrison, head teacher of the Subiaco State school, said that for 10 years the physical value of milk to education had been known, but last year he had carried out a test for the year at his school with two groups of children chosen for exact similarity in age, size and measurement, to observe the physical benefits, if any, and also to try to estimate any gain in mental development. Although it was difficult to measure the psychological results, the attitude of the child towards his work was so marked that a material benefit was indicated in his standard of attainment, particularly in cold weather. In every case it was found that the child whose diet was supplemented with milk gained more throughout the year than the child who was not getting milk. In winter the benefit of the milk was most marked on the children's attitude and mental brightness for even poorly clad children, after absorbing the warmth which the morning bottle of milk supplied, improved in their application to work, and their progress was outstanding. Throughout the State, 28 per cent of the children seen by the Health Department's medical officer were under-nourished. The expenses of the milk council were nil. This was a national problem, but until the Government took it in hand it was necessary to appeal to local authorities and private citizens to find the money.

Mrs. Robertson, of the staff of the Thomas-street State school, said that under-nourishment was found after, rather than during a depression. Children were now revealing that they lacked stamina. As a result of the lead of the Auckland Municipal Council supplying milk to under-nourished children, now all children in every school at Auckland received milk, supplied by the Government. This was to help not only the child, but also the dairy farmer.

Answering questions by the Mayor and councillors, members of the deputation said that the Free Milk Council obtained the milk at a concession price. For these special cases, the normal charge of 6d. a week for an Soz. bottle on school days was reduced to 5d. No opportunity was missed to impress on the Government its responsibilities in the matter. About 5,000 children in the metropolitan area should be receiving the free milk because of under-nourishment. It had been found that families on sustenance had no milk in the home. This was considered shocking in a country where, milk was plentifuL It was the hungry child who gave trouble leading to'the Children's Court. Cr. A .W. Crooks: There is any amount of milk available.


Daily News, 30 May 1941.

CHILDREN HAVE A SOUP KITCHEN

(By Gadabout Girl)

The midday bell rang at the Thomas-street State School just as I arrived there. Immediately a stream of children, clutching mugs, poured from the rooms out into the school ground. The only child left was one small girl, worriedly searching through her desk ‘Whats the matter Judith? asked teacher Mrs. A. R. Robertson . “Please, I've lost my penny for my soup.' Teacher supplied a penny on loan; and Judith grabbed her mug and set off hot-foot after her. class-mates.

I followed more leisurely, and was greeted by a glad cry from a group of small girls: “It’s got chicken in it today!”

320 Cups A Day

It's just over a week since the Free Milk Council, of which Mrs. Robertson is the secretary, started a soup kitchen in a pavilion in the grounds of the Thomas-street school. Already they serve about 320 cups of soup a day, and the number increases daily. It's good soup. I had a bowl while waiting for the busy organiser, Mrs. E. F. Martin, to get over the first rush.

“We serve different soup every day of the week,” Mrs. Martin said, unwrapping a pile of ham bones for today's pea-soup. “Five Perth butchers give us enough bones, the shops give us hambones, we get vegetables from, the markets. Perth trades-people are wonderful.” There's no crowding ground, the windows of the soup-kitchen. The children line up. Any who stray are pushed back by prefects who take duties seriously.

One helper takes the money - a penny for a big bowl of soup, and a substantial slice of wholemeal bread.

“Don’t give me five pennies change please,.” Said one youngster, proffering sixpence. Another hands out the bread. Two pour out the soup. Two give it out. Two wash up the returned bowls, which the children rinse first under the tap before handing back.

Necessitous cases, get free soup. They hand in a little wooden slip instead of a penny.

Mrs. Martin is assisted by Mrs. W. Ferstat and Mrs. W. J. McGuire, of the Free Milk Council, and parents of the children. But more helpers among the parents are needed, because it's a big job.

Mrs. Martin comes down on the 8 o'clock train from Darlington each day, catches the 5.30 p.m. train home.

After the soup has been dished out at lunchtime, the stock for the next day's soup is put on to boil. In the morning the stock is made up into the soup for that day.

The kitchen urgently needs two more coppers. If these could be provided, the organisers could make enough soup to deliver to five other schools in the district. Could any kind persons supply the coppers?


Dawn, 18 June 1941.

“...FOR CHILDREN

The W.A. Free Milk Council has extended its activities by the organisation of a soup kitchen at the Thomas-street State School. Voluntary helpers with the assistance of parents, pupils and teachers, are cooperating to serve hot, nourishing soup daily, at Id. per cup with slice of bread, to about 300 children. Some £692 was spent last year by the council on milk for undernourished children in the metropolitan area. When child endowment comes into operation the council will adjust its lists in accordance with its principle that only those children whose parents receive less than the basic wage, inclusive of child endowment will receive free milk, but whereas in the past finances would permit provision for those in infant classes only, it is now hoped to extend the scheme to all school children...”


Friday, 8 October 2021

Edith Cooke Subiaco Sunday Times Recipe Winner... (1900-1909).

Edith Cooke Subiaco Sunday Times Recipe Winner... (1900-1909).

During the early years of the Western Australian colony newspapers invited readers to send in their favourite recipes. The recipes competed for prizes and many were published. 

During 1908-1909 Subiaco resident Miss Edith M. Cooke of 316 Perth-street, Subiaco sent in recipes to various newspapers including the Sunday Times and Daily News. Post Office Directories of Western Australia in 1908 list her as the resident and she was not married. 

While Edith did not win any first prizes, she did win second and fifth prize and received some honourable mentions and had her recipes published. While the rules of the contest state women entering could send in recipes from cooking books or they had invented it is difficult to know where these come from. They provide a wonderful insight into what women were interested in cooking and the resources available to them. 

The articles are from Trove, the database of National Library of Australia. No copyright infringement intended. 


Sunday Times, 3 May 1908.

HONOURABLE MENTION

Miss E. M. Cooke, 316 Perth-street, Subiaco.

PRESERVED FIGS

Six lbs. of figs not too ripe, four and a half lbs. of white sugar, a quarter of a lb. of bruised ginger, two large cups of water. 
Mode : Put ginger and sugar into pan on fire until it boils, gently drop figs into boiling syrup. Boil two hours or until they look clear. 


Sunday Times, 22 November 1908.

SECOND

Second prize is awarded to Miss Edith M. Cooke, 316 Perth-street, Subiaco, for recipe for

COTTAGE TEA LOAVES

Ingredients : Half a pound of flour, two teaspoonfuls of baking powder, one egg, two teaspoonful of sugar, quarter of a cup of milk, a little salt. 

Mode : Sift flour, salt, and baking powder, rub butter in flour, then add sugar, pour in egg and milk. Mix into a nice dough; turn on to a floured board, knead lightly, divide into six pieces and cut a third off each: sprinkle flour on a clean oven sheet, and put large pieces on; brush over with egg, then add the smaller pieces to the large ones; put finger through so as to form loaves. Bake in hot oven from eight to ten minutes.


Sunday Times, 6 December 1908

HONOURABLE MENTION

Edith M. Cooke. 316 Perth-street, Subiaco.

SWEET PICKLE

Ingredients : Seven pounds of plums, four pounds of preserving sugar, a pint of good vinegar, one blade of mace, a small piece of cinnamon, and three cloves. 

Method : Skin and stone the plums, and lay them in the preserving pan with alternate layers of sugar; bring very slowly to the boil, then add the vinegar and spices and boil gently for five minutes. Take put the fruit, with the aid of a skimmer, drain each piece carefully, and set out on a dish to cool. Then pack it closely in jars. Boil up the sugar and vinegar again until it thickens, skimming carefully. When ready, pour it boiling over the fruit, cork tightly, and store in a cool, dry place. Examine the jars frequently during the first month, and should any sign of fermentation, appear uncork them, place in pans of water, and heat until they are scalding hot.


Sunday Times, 21 February 1909.

SECOND.

Second prize is awarded to. Miss E. M. Cooke, 316 Perth-street, Subiaco, for recipe for

APRICOT TRIFLE

Ingredients : Three dozen or more finger biscuits, three ozs. of castor sugar, one and a half pints of apricot pulp, one and a half gills of cream, one and a half gills of gelatine. 

Method : Cut rough finger biscuits into long triangles to form a rosette at the bottom of a Charlotte mould. Stamp ont a small round in the centre, and put a crystalised cherry or half an apricot. Trim the sides and ends of many biscuits as may be required to line the whole of the mould, and place the biscuits closely together in an upright position. Bring the pulp to the boil, sweeten with sugar, dissolve the gelatine and add to the pulp, tub through a hair sieved and let cool for a while. Whip the cream, sweeten with sugar, and mix with the pulp. Fill up the lined mould with this, but not until it commences to set. And put the mould in a cool place. When thoroughly set, turn out on to a serviette: and serve. Any other fruit will do, or layers of jam. Make a good boiled custard and pour over just before serving.


Sunday Times, 21 March 1909

SECOND

Second prize is awarded to Miss E. M. Cooke, 318 Perth-street, Subiaco, for recipe for

FILLETS OF BEEF A LA SICILIENNE

Ingredients : Half a pound of raw beef steak, quarter of a pound of raw ham, two ounces of fresh, white bread, crumbs, one raw and one bard-boiled egg, two teaspoonful of chopped parsley, half a gill of stock, a small piece of glaze, salt, pepper, nutmeg, half a pint of tomato sauce, half a pound of potatoes. 

Method : Wash the beef quickly dry it well, remove skin and fat and the rind from the ham, and put both beef and ham through the mincer. Next mix them with the crumbs, partly beaten egg, stock, and seasoning. Be careful that the mixing is very thorough. Spread the mixture out flat, put quarters of the hard boiled egg down the centre of it, and roll it up like a roly-poly pudding. Fold and tie it tightly in a pudding cloth, and simmer it gently in the stock pot for one and a half hours. Re-roll it tightly in the cloth and press it between two dishes until nearly cold, then brush it over with glaze, and cut it into thick slices. Heat these, in the sauce, cut out neat rounds of the fat off the steak, and cook them in the oven, and cut the potatoes into fancy shapes. Boil the potatoes until soft, and season them. Arrange the fillets on a thick croute of bread, putting a round of fat on each fillet. Pour the sauce round, and garnish the dish with heaps of the potatoes.


Sunday Times, 15 March 1908

FOURTH

Fourth prize goes to Miss E. M. Cooke, 316 Perth-street, Subiaco, for recipe for

CRAYFISH SALAD

One or two crayfish, one large lettuce, bunch of watercress, three tablespoonsful of salad oil, one tablespoonful of vinegar, pepper and salt, one egg, one tomato. 

Mode : Pick all the meat from the shells of the crayfish, put the egg on to boil for ten minutes, wash and dry the lettuce and cress. Mix the oil and vinegar thoroughly in a bowl, using a fork for the purpose, adding pepper and salt. Carefully wipe the salad and mix it with the dressing: and, lastly, add the crayfish, stirring it in thoroughly. Place on a round fish dish, garnish prettily with slices of hard-boiled egg and tomato, stand in a cool place for ten minutes and serve. 


Sunday Times 14 February 1909.

FIFTH

Fifth Prize is awarded to Miss E. M. Cooke, 316 Perth-street, Subiaco for recipe for 

PRINCESS ROLLS

Ingredients :- Puff paste, two ounces of castor sugar, half an ounce of cornflour, vanilla essence, or other flavouring, one ounce of butter, three yolks of eggs. 

Method Roll but the paste about one eighth of an inch thick, and cut it into even-sized pieces, four inches long, and two inches wide. Have ready a mixture prepared as follows : Work the sugar and butter to a creamy add the yolks of eggs and cornflour, and flavour to taste. Whisk this in a basin over a saucepan of boiling water until it begins to thicken, and let cool. Roll each piece of paste on rounds of wood previously buttered, wet the edges with a little white of egg, place them on a wetted baking sheet, edges downwards, brush over with milk or water, and sprinkle width castor sugar. Bake a nice colour in a moderate oven. Remove the round of wood, and put the rolls pf pastry to cool. Fill up with the prepared custard, and dish up on a folded d'oyley or lace paper. The baked rolls may be filled with whipped cream and flavoured with vanilla sugar in place of the custard.

Daily News, 1 February 1908

COLD RHUBARB PUDDING.
Line a pudding basin with thin slices of bread. At the bottom put a layer of well sweetened and flavoured stewed rhubarb, then a thin layer of ratafla crumbs, then more stewed rhubarb. Add a few blanched almonds here and there. Continue this until the basin is full. Place a saucer on the top and stand a weight in it, and leave for twelve hours. Turn out and serve with a nice thick custard poured over.
 
To make the custard, take threequarters of a pint of milk, a tablespoonful of cornflour, sugar, and flavouring to taste. If ratafia crumbs be thought to add too much to the expense of the pudding, fine white bread crumbs can take their place.— EDITH M. COOKE, 316 Perth-street, Subiaco.




Western Australian Royal Historical Society (no copyright infringement intended)

Tranby House collection: Kitchen at Tranby House, used in winter. Shows fireplace, crockery and cooking implements, clothing and furniture. 19th Century. Photograph by John Wirth.



Tranby House collection: Summer kitchen at Tranby House showing table with cooking and storage implements. 19th Century. Photograph by John Wirth.




Wednesday, 6 October 2021

The Sunday Times Recipe Contest (1900 - 1909).

The Sunday Times Recipe Contest (1900 - 1909).

During the early years of the colony the Sunday Times newspaper ran a recipe contest. The recipes competed for prizes and the winning entries and honourable mentions were published in the newspaper. 

The rules of the contest state the recipe could be taken from any cookery book or newspaper or better still be the invention of the sender. Any woman could enter as many recipes as they please. The prizes women competed for varied over the years. 

Like many women from around the State, the women of Subiaco shared their favourite recipes. These recipes provide a wonderful insight into the variety of food available and consumed by individuals and families from a variety of sources, their resourcefulness when food like meat was not at its best, some advice on how to provide nourishment to an invalid and make a good old fashion English Christmas pudding that could last over a year.

The recipes provide an interesting insight into cooking, the methods used and some of the equipment available for example like stewing-jars and sausage mincers. Some homes had  wood fires and others were equipped with an oven. Measurements were not exact and women were required to make judgements based on their previous cooking experience. 

Both married and single women entered recipes into the Sunday Times competitions over many years and many won several prizes. 

The recipes below are the some of the first prize winners from the women of Subiaco.  The articles are from Trove, the database of the National Library of Australia. No copyright intended. 


Sunday Times, 24 June 1906.

The Prize Recipes.

FIRST.

The following recipe for a Dainty Invalid's Dish, by H, Parsons, Railway Road, Sdbiaco, is the best sent in for the week, and is awarded the first prize.

DAINTY INVALID'S DISH

Half the battle is won if the repast is made pleasant to the eye, served on a tray covered with the daintiest of linen, with the china, and silver polished until they shine and shine again - Too much stress can hardly be laid on cooking the invalid's meal attractively and on served the food very hot. "A Stimulating Beef Tea." to be given in cases of exhaustion, is made as follows : Cut two pounds of lean beef into little bits and put them into a glass fruit jar ; fasten the top on well : stand the jar in a dish of cold water which bring to the boiling point, and then simmer for three hours. Press it through a sieve and strain it. Serve with the thinnest rounds of white breed which have been lightly browned in the oven. As according to medical opinion beef tea is far more nourishing when, diluted with vegetable juice a cut up carrot or celery (if the flavor is liked) may be added to the meat in the jar in the first instance.


Sunday Times, 23 December 1906.

The Prize Recipes.

FIRST.

The first prize is awarded to Mrs. Bower, Hamilton-street. Subiaco, for recipe for

CHRISTMAS PUDDING

Ingredients : Two pounds of breadcrumbs, one teacupful of flour, two pounds moist sugar, two pounds pudding raisins (stoned), two pounds currants, one pound candied peel, two pounds beef suet,  two, ounces mixed spice, quarter pound ground almonds, one teaspoonful of salt, rind of two lemons (grated), two teaspoonsful of baking powder, 12 eggss, one glass of brandy, juice of two lemons, a little milk. 

Mode : Mix all the dry ingredients together first, then moisten and stir with 12 eggs well beaten, add the brandy: and the juice of the lemons: if not suficient moist add milk. This makes a very rich pudding, and the above quantity will make three large puddings or six small ones, to be used as required. It is best put them into basins or moulds, oiled or buttered. Put a paste of flour over the top before they are tied down in the pudding cloth. When, done remove the paste the past the next day, cover with brandy paper and store in a dry place until required for use. Will keep for a year if necessary. Time, six hours. 


Sunday Times, 11 October 1908.

The Prize Recipes.

FIRST.

First- prize is awarded to Mrs. Exley, 265 Hamersley-road, Subiaco, for recipef for

HOME-MADE BREAD

Ingredients : Three and half lbs flour, one potato, one dessertspoonful salt, one dessertspoonful  brewer's yeast, lukewarm, water or milk. 

Mode : Mix the salt and flour in a bowl, and make a hole in the centre. Boil a nice floury potato in a pint of water until it is all boiled in the water, put in a basin until luke-warm, and add a dessertspoonsful of brewer's yeast. Mix thoroughly and put, in centre of flour and make a thin, batter with a little of the flour. Put aside for twenty minutes to rise. Make ready a pint of lukewarm water or milk and add gradually as you knead the dough until all the flour is used up. Knead thoroughly until no flour or lumps remain and, the dough does not stick to the hands. Cover with a cloth and leave to rise a second time for three quarters to one hour. When it is all cracked on top it is ready to make into loaves. This will make three medium-sized loaves. After putting, the dough in the tins prick with a fork and let them rise again ten minutes, and bake in a quick oven for thirty or forty minutes Try with a skewer. If it comes out clean it is done.


Sunday Times, 3 January 1909.

The Prize Recipes.

FIRST

First prize is awarded to Miss A. Newton, 109 Rokeby-road, Subiaco, for recipe for

CRAYFISH MAYONNAISE

Cover the bottom of a salad bowl with finely shredded lettuce and radish, then cover with the white flesh of a crayfish, chopped into small pieces, and immediately before serving add the following made dressing. Soak a few radishes in cold water for an hour, then scrape them very fine with a sharp knife. Mix the yolks of two hard-boiled eggs with the yolk of one raw egg, and one teaspoonful of mustard ; then add two tablespoonsful of olive oil very gradually. When quite smooth add two tablespoonsful of vinegar that has a tablespoonful of sugar dissolved in it, also salt to taste. Stir in the grated radish until all is well mixed. Pour over the crayfish, and decorate the top with slices of hard-boiled eggs.


Sunday Times, 23 May 1909.

The Prize Recipes.

FIRST

First prize is awarded to Mrs. Bennett, 305 Mueller-road, Subiaco, for recipe for

POTTED STEAK

Ingredients : One pound steak, two tablespoonful Anchovy sauce, quarter pound butter, half teaspoonful black pepper, quarter teaspoonful cayenne, half teaspoonful mace. 

Mode : Free steak from fat and skin, and put in a jar with the other ingredients added. Stew in a saucepan of boiling water for 5 hours (put a lid on). When done put the meat through a mincing machine. Mix well with the liquid in jar, put into small jars ; and pour oiled butter over it. Will, keep for months. ls delicious for sandwiches for lunches, etc.


Sunday Times, 27 June 1909.

The Prize Recipes.

FIRST.

First prize far awarded to Mrs. Exley, Hamersley-road, W. Subiaco, for recipe for

YORKSHIRE TEACAKES

Ingredients : One and a half pounds flour, two ounces butter, two ounces sugar, one potato, one teaspoonful salt, four ounces currants, one dessert spoonful brewer's yeast. 

Boil potato in a cup of water until very soft, and let it cool to lukewarm ; then stir in brewer's yeast, mix flour and salt together, then rub in the butter. Then add sugar and currants, make a hole in centre, and pour in potato and yeast. Let it rise twenty minutes. Then knead well, adding more lukewarm water if required ; let it rise, three-quarters of an hour, then make into small cakes ; roll out to half inch thick. Put on baking sheet and prick with a fork. Let them rise again ten minutes. Bake in a quick oven for ten minutes, or until nicely browned. To make plain ones, leave out sugar and currants. 


The prizes on 17 April, 1904. 






Saturday, 2 October 2021

Ellen Dowling...Subiaco Pioneer (1939).

Ellen Dowling...Subiaco Pioneer (1939).

This is one of the wonderful stories I found by chance on an old pioneer woman Ellen Dowling living with her daughter in Hensman Road, Subiaco. In 1939, Ellen celebrated her 84 th birthday.

The Mirror newspaper and West Australian wrote a story about her. I will let Ellen share her story through her own words.

Ellen died on 5 February, 1942 aged 86 years. She was buried in the Roman Catholic section of the Karrakatta Cemetery. 

The article and photograph is from Trove, the database of the National Library of Australia. No copyright infringement intended. 


Mirror, 23 September 1939.

KNITS SOCKS FOR SOLDIERS

ON 84th BIRTHDAY

Knitting socks for soldiers is how a Subiaco lady, daughter of a soldier, celebrated her 84th birthday on Thursday.

Mrs. Ellen Dowling, who resides at the home of her daughter, Mrs. T. Coultas, at Hensman-road, Subiaco, enjoyed her birthday despite her age, and the fact that she has been bed ridden for some years through a leg injury. 

Usually she fills in her time trying to help along and cheer people up, but now with knitting needles in her hands she is busy knitting socks for the soldier boys. 'You see I'm a soldier's daughter,' she said. 'My father, Sgt. Kenny, was a member of the old convict guard in Perth. He fought in the Crimea and India. His father was a soldier too, and served under Wellington at Waterloo. 'I helped to make things for the boys in the South African War and in the last Big War, when my favorite nephew Jack was a digger. 

'When I was a girl we used to live down by the river, where the old wishing well is at the bottom of Mount Eliza. I can remember people coming with carts and big barrels to take the beautiful spring water away.' Asked what she thought of Hitler she replied: 'I'd like to get him. I know what I would do. Send him to me.' (Photo on Page One.)


West Australian, 21 September 1939.

AN OLD COLONIST. VIVID memories of the old convict days in Western Australia were recalled yesterday by Mrs. Ellen Dowling, of Hensman-road, Subiaco, who celebrates her 84th birthday today. 

Mrs. Dowling was born in 1855, her former home being situated on the site as the foot of Mt. Eliza where the small enclosure and water fountain may be found today. 

Her father, Mr. John Kenny, was a warder and supervised the working of the prisoners on the first strong bridge to be made at the causeway. Many of the prisoners were sent to Australia for trifling and petty crimes, she said, and there were many good men amongst them. 

Later, Mrs. Dowling went to Melbourne, for four years, where she married. 

Her health has been good always, but she has been confined to her bed for the last three years owing to a bad fall. She is bright and cheerful, however, and spends her time reading and doing fancywork. 

Today, she will have a birthday party at which her two daughters, five grandchildren, and three great grandchildren will be present, in addition to other relatives and friends.








Stories From The Perth Children's Hospital (1930 - 1950).

Stories From The Perth Children's Hospital (1930 - 1950). The Perth Children's Hospital was built in 1909 on the corner of Hay and T...